
Cobbett’s Wey DFAS report October
Lecture
"William De Morgan and the Arts and Crafts Movement"
It is a testimony to
their hard work that Elizabeth Leslie and Carol Craig, programme
organizers for the Cobbett’s Wey DFAS group, presented us with yet another
superb lecture this month. Diana Lloyd speaking on William de Morgan
and the Arts and Crafts
Movement gave a thoroughly professional and comprehensive
presentation. It was good to visit this important area of English design
through one of its less well known members.
Like
William Morris,
William de Morgan was a man of independent means and could therefore
indulge himself in the premise behind the movement that one should not buy
anything that had been mass produced. At that time, Britain had become
The Workshop of the World. Industrialists were producing new products
cheaply for export and to be purchased by the working classes and the
newly evolving middle class. The Williams denigrated this notion. Each
piece produced should be individual, not quite like any other and
furthermore the artisan should have enjoyed making it. A good notion
founded in philanthropic fervour but not sitting well in economic
practice; Diana Lloyd asserted that a small piece would cost £75.00 and a
larger one £150.00 when the average wage would have ranged from a few
shillings to a few pounds a week, for the average worker!
It was a thrilling time
to be alive.
The
Great Exhibition of 1851 had drawn examples of styles from all over
the know world to Britain. Those particularly influencing the
Arts and
Crafts movement were Japanese, Islamic and Moorish. Hence Whistler
produced blue and white pottery in the style of the Japanese, Morris
produced hand knotted rugs and ceilings and plaster work are evocative of
Moorish palaces.
William de Morgan was a designer and drawer not a potter. He was also
a chemist and his interest and expertise was in ceramics and tiles. He
experimented with glazes and pigments, particularly enamels which he used
to depict fantastic, although it has to be said sometimes hugely ugly,
birds, snakes and beasts. His contribution was chiefly in the production
of tiles which were used in fireplaces, bathrooms and bedrooms sometimes
incorporated in furniture of oak or mahogany, if a bowl or water container
was to be set on it.
Diana Lloyd showed some
excellent slides illustrating all her points very professionally. She
advised us to visit
Leighton House, Londonand
Wightwick Manor near Wolverhampton to see work of this period at its
best.
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